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Read Zhu Fanju——About the Confucian aspect of Wenzong Yang Shen
Author: Qin Iming
Source: “New Review of Tianfu” 2022 Issue 4
Abstract: Yang Shen hated the unfaithful and inner-spirited empty and unfaithful style of the theory and mind expressed in the late to mid-term Ming Dynasty. From this, we traced back to Cheng and Zhu Xi’s theory and his obsession and errors. Yang Shen criticized Zhu Zi’s position to return to school. There are two key points: on the one hand, it is the method of governance. Yang Shen’s governance is broad-minded, and through literary assessment, text verbal review, famous and material system examination and other methods, he studied the knowledge of academic, history, geography, literature, natural science, elementary school, etc., and learned The concept of learning science and mind with universal learning as a sidetrack is to surpass Zhu’s knowledge in knowledge; on the other hand, he studied Confucianism, and obtained the commanding heights of judging and mind through the emphasis on learning the mind, and criticized Zhu Xi through the academic standpoint in terms of cultivation, character, and rationality. These criticisms are partial. Yang Shen himself did not establish a comprehensive explanation of the Confucian academic essay theory, but this did not disturb the historical meaning of thinking about Zhu Zi’s academic thinking, and deeply influenced the academic atmosphere and academic methods in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and realized the characteristic of Shu’s “dare to be the first in the country”.
Keywords: Yang Shen; Zhu Zi; Confucianism; Internal Studies;
Author Introduction: Qin Iming, associate professor of the Department of Philosophy in Zhongshan (Zhuhai), and an associate professor of the Sichuan Major Yang Shen’s seminar on the Chinese New Year. The purpose of the seminar was: study, Confucianism and Sichuan.
1. Discussion
Confucianism revived in the Song Dynasty. Wang Anshi, who lived in the official school, studied in the new school. As the mainstream science of science, Guan Luolian and the scholars of Shu, Hunan and Zhejiang East, formed a colorful Confucian atmosphere. After the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Zi’s collection of science and technology was completed, and his family was independent, and his influence in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties was incomparable with that. In the Ming Dynasty, some scholars in the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods challenged many of Zhu Zi’s views, but they failed to build a more perfect philosophy, ethics and corresponding social system system, so they could not replace the mainstream position of Cheng and Zhu’s science. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen, the new capital, also made criticisms of Zhu Zixue, but his influence was not as good as Wang Yangming, so modern researchers have not paid much attention. In fact, in the middle and late Ming dynasties, Yang Shen had a very broad academic influence. In addition to admitting that he was a generation of literary master at that time, one day, Song Wei finally remembered that he was the chief of her high school years, and his initial examination wasThe style of learning was also inherited by academic teachers such as Jiao Xun and Hu Yinglin, and was passed down from the moral considerations of the Qing Dynasty. Yang Shen’s works were widely circulated in the late Ming Dynasty. The Confucian thinking and criticism of Cheng and Zhu’s theory also affected many students’ views on theory and mind. For example, Li Rong, who was in opaque science, praised Yang Shen’s works very much. He even edited the twenty volumes of “The Collection of Songshen”, which was praised as “the one who can enlighten the world” [1].
Li Rongrong and Yang Shen’s insight into the shortcomings of Cheng and Zhu’s academic studies, and value Yang Shen’s agile scholar. According to Yang Shen, all ancestors of the three generations were enlightened, especially his father, Yang Tinghe. He took it as his responsibility to support the world and study the learning of the world as his own. This was an extension of Zhu Zi’s learning. Strict tutoring has a major impact on Yang Shen. When his father Yang Tinghe was growing up, his grandfather Yang Chun had not yet entered the officialdom. His cold birth caused Yang Tinghe to overcome the imperfections of his life and politics, and inspired his high ambition to clarify politics. In the era when Yang Shen grew up, Yang Tinghe had already lived in the palace and cultivated the doors of scholars and officials in the capital for a long time. Yang Shen’s political ambition was naturally not comparable to his father, but his academic thoughts were beyond his predecessors, and his academic interest was also influenced by his father. He focused on modern history and politics, and his interest in political system and social customs and broad examinations were two important dimensions for Yang Shen to learn from science.
The learning conditions and talented people who have never forgotten them have made Yang Shen strongly remembered them. Yang Shen also took this as a pride and became more popular. He went back to the two schools of thought from the Song and Yuan dynasties, especially ancient and extremely independent academic energy. Why did ancient learning defeat the modern meaning? Zhu Zi is a big mountain in front of Yang Shen. If you want to prove that the ancient principles he likes are interpreted by the science of theory, Yang Shen will not be able to pass through this big mountain. This is not an easy task. The reason why Zhu Zi’s style is unpredictable is that his system’s lack of ink, and his integration of the system and his thinking on social and political practices, is fascinated by most students of the Yuan and Ming dynasties. Zhu Xi’s academic performance has many long-term problems, but it is not without short-term problems, especially when a certain type of study becomes an official and becomes a trendy career, its disadvantages will be greatly reduced. Yang Shen lived in the mid-Ming Dynasty, Chen Baisha and Wang Yangming attacked Cheng and Zhu’s science, which was fashionable. However, Yang Shen’s criticism of the science of mind was even more important than that of science, which shows that Yang Shen was independent and not limited to the trend of the times. Yang Shen believed that the most basic problem of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty was empty and rational, neglecting knowledge tests, and lacking real political concerns. He traced the source of this and criticized Zhu Zi’s studies, believing that he was noted in ancient times and was different from the purpose of the sages. Yang Shenxian used his familiarity with modern betting to challenge Zhu Zi’s multi-layered learning system.
2. Yuanqi and Taiyang
The two Chengs use their bodies to establish schools. Zhu Zi was particularly serious about distinguishing rationality and desire. The reason, atmosphere, mind, nature, and emotions are all in their own way, but there is a problem of whether the source of reason and energy is one or two. The way of heaven is one, so how can we have rationality and character differences in reality? Where is its origin? Discuss Confucianism by the method of distinguishing between rational and elegant and character, there are gains and there are not gains. A whole body of things must be divided into two parts. Therefore, Zhu Zi’s statements and reasoning have different places, which causes future generations to gather.
Modernly, Zhu Zi believed that the principle and atmosphere were one in terms of the shape of things, and there was no order. He only distinguished the differences between principles and atmosphere from the perspective of the theory level. This is slightly similar to the material of light waves. In terms of their state, they are waves and particles. However, the human eye sees them as different colors, which is a matter with different levels. The same is true for reason, “This original source has no order and subsequent words, but I must refer to where it comes from, so I must say that there is the reason first” [2]. Teacher Mu Cheng said: “Zhu Zi must speak both reason and atmosphere when discussing the body of all things in the universe. However, Zhu Zi’s words about reason and atmosphere are composed of one body and can be expressed in two parts, not because the two bodies are opposite and combined with one word. This layer is the most distinctive, and then the main purpose of Zhu Zi’s statements can be eliminated.” [3] But in fact, reason and atmosphere are not the same thing. Zhu Zi talks about metaphysical and physical. There are words in sequence, and there are some 博官网网站 metaphor, when people read, they suspect that their analysis and atmosphere are two things, and then they put the two together. For example, when Zhu Zi’s annotation on Mencius, “It is the name of “the website leader of the atmosphere, and it is a combination of meaning and Tao”, it says: “It is a combination that means helping.” [4] To enlighten the future, the atmosphere helps Taoism, which is the doubt that the difference and Taoism are two. Mencius’s “Haoran’s aura” himself has reason, and it is not that the atmosphere helps the reason. Another example is that the “four ends” of the mind have nature and emotions, and the atmosphere and reason are not divided.
Yang Shen had a unique understanding of the two parts of rationality, and he corrected the